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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Samuel Knoedler1,2, Thomas Schaschinger3, Harriet Kiwanuka1
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Reduction mammoplasty is safe, but racial disparities exist. Black/African American patients had fewer overall complications but higher risks for deep infections and readmissions, while Asian patients had fewer surgical complications.
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