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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Postoperative Outcomes After Breast Reduction: Do Racial Disparities Exist?

Samuel Knoedler1,2, Thomas Schaschinger3, Harriet Kiwanuka1

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduction mammoplasty is safe, but racial disparities exist. Black/African American patients had fewer overall complications but higher risks for deep infections and readmissions, while Asian patients had fewer surgical complications.

Keywords:
ACS-NSQIPBreast reductionBreast surgeryRacial disparitiesReduction mammoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Racial disparities in surgical outcomes are documented in oncological and reconstructive breast surgery.
  • It is unclear if these disparities extend to reduction mammoplasty procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial disparities in 30-day postoperative outcomes following reduction mammoplasty.
  • To compare outcomes across different racial groups, including Asian, Black/African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and White patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2011-2022.
  • Included adult female patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty.
  • Compared 30-day postoperative outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • The study included 26,329 patients; 64% White, 34% Black/African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.41% American Indian/Alaska Native, and 0.35% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander.
  • Overall complication rate was 6.3%, ranging from 4.0% in Asian patients to 6.5% in White patients.
  • Black/African American patients had lower overall and surgical complication risks but higher risks for deep incisional infections and readmissions. Asian patients had lower surgical complication risks.

Conclusions:

  • Reduction mammoplasty demonstrates a strong safety profile across all racial groups.
  • Subtle racial disparities in postoperative outcomes were observed, particularly for Black/African American and Asian patients.
  • Further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to these differential outcomes in reduction mammoplasty.