Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration
Published on: May 26, 2014
Critical Needs and Opportunities for Advanced Manufacturing of Lyophilized Injectables
Alina Alexeenko1, Maxwell Korang-Yeboah2, Serguei Tchessalov3
1Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. alexeenk@purdue.edu.
Abstract:
Lyophilized drugs and biologics have an outsized role in protecting public health due to their ability to provide extended shelf life for stockpiling. Over 70% (14 out of 19) of antibiotics on the Essential Medicines list are supplied as lyophilized sterile powders for injection (FDA, 1). Additionally, many new drugs, including first-in-kind medicines, such as the first checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy Keytruda, were initially introduced to market in a lyophilized form, accelerating availability to patients by several years while a stable liquid formulation was being developed. The article describes methodologies, both short-term and long-term, to address the current manufacturing challenges for lyophilized injectables based on the findings of the workshop by National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Education held in January 2024.
Related Concept Videos
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices
Upstream Processing
Production of Pharmaceuticals
Vaccine Production

