Independently testing prosocial interventions: Methods and recommendations from 31 researchers

There is a growing need for independent, ecologically valid research on prosocial design interventions within online platforms. Platform design has a significant impact on user interactions, yet independent researchers often lack access to live platforms, limiting the ecological validity of studies testing the effectiveness of prosocial interventions. In response, 31 experts from academia, industry, and civil society gathered for a workshop focused on understanding methods that enable effective research on design interventions that lead to prosocial outcomes, such as healthy interactions and individual safety, well-being, and dignity. We synthesize the workshop findings to guide researchers and practitioners in advancing prosocial design and to provide stakeholders-platforms, advocacy groups, and regulators-with evidence-based tools to promote healthy online behavior. First, we present a review of the dominant research methods in the field. Second, we highlight the challenges that researchers agreed were most prominent (such as reinvention of the wheel) for testing interventions and recommend ways to address them. Finally, we propose specific future actions to address the challenges in the areas of knowledge sharing, events, and supporting infrastructure that experts consider most worth pursuing, and set out an agenda for future online prosocial research and investment.