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Effects of Garlic Supplementation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Comprehensive Updated Systematic Review
Vahideh Behrouz1,2, Mehrnaz Zahroodi3, Cain C T Clark4
1Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Nutrition Reviews
|June 28, 2025
Summary
Garlic consumption significantly improves cardiovascular risk factors like cholesterol, blood pressure, and inflammation. These findings suggest garlic may benefit cardiovascular health, especially in high-risk individuals.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Integrative Medicine
Background:
- Garlic is recognized for its culinary uses and traditional medicinal properties.
- Emerging research suggests garlic may offer protective benefits against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- Previous studies on garlic's effects on CVD risk factors have yielded varied results, necessitating updated analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of recent clinical trials.
- To evaluate the efficacy of garlic intake in managing cardiovascular disease risk factors.
- To synthesize current evidence on garlic's role in cardiovascular health.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge) up to June 2024.
- Inclusion of 108 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 7137 participants.
- Meta-analysis using random-effects models with subgroup analyses based on various factors.
Main Results:
- Garlic intake significantly improved serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels.
- Significant reductions were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
- Garlic consumption also enhanced total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde, indicating reduced oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- Garlic intake demonstrably improves key cardiovascular risk markers, including lipid profiles, glycemic control, blood pressure, and inflammation.
- These benefits are particularly pronounced in adults with elevated baseline risk factors.
- Further rigorous research is recommended to solidify these findings and explore optimal garlic interventions for cardiovascular health.
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