Cogmed cognitive training for working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The interest in computerized training to enhance and rehabilitate cognitive functions is increasing. However, the efficacy of these methods, particularly in improving working memory (WM), remains debated. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT), a commercial program designed to improve WM. We searched PubMed, BVS, and CENTRAL databases up to January 14, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using any version of Cogmed in participants aged 18 years or older. The primary outcomes were post-training verbal and visuospatial WM performance. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) between intervention and control groups. A total of 298 articles were identified, and 11 RCTs met the eligibility criteria for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that participants in the Cogmed group showed significant improvements in verbal and visuospatial WM scores immediately after training, with a small effect for sustained benefits for verbal WM at 2-6 months post-intervention. No significant differences were observed between groups less than 2 months post-training for either WM component. CWMT provides short-term benefits for adults' WM, particularly immediately after training. Evidence for sustained improvements remains limited. PROSPERO database (CRD42022298013).