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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Proximal Humerus and Scapular Fractures after Gunshot Injury.

Adeet Amin1, Kenneth A Kearns2, Andrew Choo1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin Street, Suite 1700, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Hand Clinics
|June 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ballistic fractures of the scapula and proximal humerus are rare. While scapular fracture treatment is similar to non-ballistic injuries, proximal humerus fractures require tailored approaches due to distinct characteristics.

Keywords:
BallisticFracturesProximal humerusScapula

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Ballistics Medicine

Background:

  • Ballistic fractures to the scapula and proximal humerus are uncommon.
  • Limited literature exists to guide treatment for these specific injuries.
  • Understanding the unique aspects of ballistic trauma is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the differences between ballistic and non-ballistic scapular and proximal humerus fractures.
  • To provide guidance on treatment strategies for these uncommon injuries.
  • To highlight factors influencing treatment selection for ballistic proximal humerus fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of case studies involving ballistic fractures.
  • Comparison of fracture characteristics (patient age, bone quality, pattern, comminution, bone loss) between ballistic and non-ballistic injuries.
  • Evaluation of existing surgical approaches and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Ballistic scapular fracture indications and surgical tactics are comparable to non-ballistic injuries.
  • Ballistic proximal humerus fractures often present differently from low-energy injuries, with significant variations in patient demographics, bone quality, and fracture complexity.
  • Treatment selection for ballistic proximal humerus fractures is multifactorial, depending on patient, fracture, and surgeon-specific considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment for ballistic scapular fractures generally aligns with standard orthopedic practices.
  • Ballistic proximal humerus fractures necessitate individualized treatment plans due to their unique injury patterns and patient factors.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize management strategies for these complex injuries.