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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Spinal Cord01:26

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Three-dimensional Navigation-guided, Prone, Single-position, Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Technique
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Spina Bifida.

Andrew R McCoy1, Lydia Singerman2, Neha Anand3

  • 1Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Room 1419A, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|June 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spina bifida (SB) is a common neural tube defect. This overview details the complex, multidisciplinary management of myelomeningocele, the most severe form of SB, addressing its neurological, urinary, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal complications.

Keywords:
Chiari II malformationHydrocephalusMyelomeningoceleNeurogenic bladderNeurogenic bowelSpina bifida

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Spina bifida (SB) represents the most frequent neural tube defect.
  • Myelomeningocele, the most severe SB form, causes significant sequelae affecting multiple systems.
  • Management necessitates a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of spina bifida management.
  • To highlight the complexities in caring for children with myelomeningocele.
  • To outline the multidisciplinary coordination required for SB care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of spina bifida management strategies.
  • Synthesis of current clinical guidelines and research.
  • Overview of common complications and their treatments.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key areas in SB management: neurological, urinary, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal.
  • Emphasis on the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • Discussion of the long-term sequelae and ongoing care needs.

Conclusions:

  • Effective spina bifida care requires integrated management across specialties.
  • Addressing the multifaceted complications of myelomeningocele is crucial.
  • Continuous coordination ensures optimal outcomes for affected children.