A cross-sectional study unveiling the global impact and future projections through 2060 of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a leading degenerative disease worldwide that significantly impairs physical function and quality of life. With an ageing population, the epidemiological burden of osteoarthritis is expected to intensify, making systematic analysis and trend prediction essential for refining treatment and prevention strategies. Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database was employed to analyse trends in the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years of osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021. This research spans global, regional, and national perspectives, aiming to guide future health interventions. By 2021, the number of patients affected by osteoarthritis had reached 607 million, with predictions estimating a rise to 765 million by 2060. There is a positive correlation between Social Development Index and osteoarthritis burden, illustrating that higher incidence and prevalence rates are associated with greater economic development. East Asia currently leads with the highest count of osteoarthritis cases, whereas Oceania has the fewest. Osteoarthritis incidence is climbing across all adult age groups, with women consistently exhibiting higher rates than men at every age. High body mass Index stands as the most significant risk factor for the condition. The total number of osteoarthritis cases is expected to keep rising, underscoring the ongoing challenge in managing this pervasive disease. Osteoarthritis persists as a substantial global health challenge, exhibiting a continuous upward trend from 1990 to 2021. This study provides critical insights for public health policy-making and resource allocation, supporting future interventions and disease control efforts.