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Thiazide-induced hypercholesterolemia: sex differences.

R P Sarva, J S Gavaler, D H Van Thiel

    Life Sciences
    |November 11, 1985
    PubMed
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    Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) increases cholesterol and triglycerides in hamsters. Female hamsters show a dose-dependent increase in lipids, unlike males, suggesting potential sex-related cardiovascular risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Endocrinology
    • Cardiovascular Science

    Background:

    • Thiazide diuretics, commonly prescribed for hypertension, are known to elevate serum cholesterol.
    • Lipid fraction levels exhibit sex-based differences, necessitating investigation into sex-related effects of thiazide treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine sex-related differences in thiazide-induced changes in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

    Main Methods:

    • Male and female hamsters were administered hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) at doses of 0, 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg/day for at least 3 months.
    • Serum lipid profiles, including TC, TG, and HDL-C, were analyzed to assess dose-dependent and sex-specific responses.

    Main Results:

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    • Females exhibited significantly higher TG concentrations than males across HCTZ doses (p < 0.05).
    • Females showed a dose-dependent increase in HDL-C (r = 0.983; p < 0.02) and TC (r = 0.986; p < 0.02) with HCTZ, while males did not demonstrate a clear dose response.
    • TC levels were consistently higher in females than in males, irrespective of HCTZ dosage.

    Conclusions:

    • HCTZ elevates TG, TC, and HDL-C levels in both sexes of hamsters.
    • Sex-related differences in lipid responses to HCTZ were observed, with females exhibiting dose-dependent increases in HDL-C and TC.
    • These findings suggest potential sex-specific contributions to atherosclerosis risk in populations treated with HCTZ.