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Synergistic interaction and cumulative effect between frailty and triglyceride-glucose index exacerbate

Menglu Liu1, Jiawen Li1, Kailun Yan1

  • 1National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|June 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Frailty and high triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) significantly increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in aging adults. These factors act synergistically, with cumulative effects further intensifying the risk of developing CVD.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Frailty and high triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • These conditions frequently coexist in middle-aged and older adults.
  • Understanding their combined impact is crucial for aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synergistic influence of frailty and high TyG on incident CVD risk.
  • To explore the cumulative effects of frailty and TyG over time.
  • To provide insights into CVD prevention strategies for aging individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
  • Assessment of frailty using the Rockwood frailty index.
  • Calculation of TyG index using fasting triglyceride and glucose levels.

Main Results:

  • Both frailty and high TyG independently elevated CVD risk over nine years.
  • Individuals with both frailty and high TyG exhibited the highest risk of incident CVD (aHR 2.53).
  • Cumulative effects showed the highest risk with upper cumulative frailty index and higher cumulative TyG (aHR 3.13).

Conclusions:

  • Frailty and high TyG synergistically increase the risk of incident CVD.
  • Cumulative effects of frailty and TyG intensify the association with CVD risk.
  • This highlights the importance of managing both frailty and metabolic factors for cardiovascular health in aging populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseFrailtyTriglyceride-glucose index

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