Systematic review on the full-process preparation, characterization and application of drug-loaded melanin...

Melanin, a biologically active natural polymer, has garnered significant attention in nanobiomedicine due to its inherent bioactivity, nanostructural properties, and multifunctionality. Currently, melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) demonstrate exceptional performance in photothermal therapy and medical imaging, having been extensively studied and applied. Additionally, MNPs are gaining prominence in the field of nanodrug delivery, offering promising research prospects and broad application potential. This paper systematically and comprehensively reviews the entire process of MNPs, from raw material acquisition, nanoparticle preparation, surface modification, drug binding, characterization, to application. The aim is to provide references and inspiration for future research and exploration in the field.