Thermodynamic uncertainty relation for systems with active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles.

Area of Science:

• Statistical mechanics
• Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
• Active matter physics

Background:

• Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) establish trade-offs between thermodynamic cost and fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems.
• The applicability of TURs to systems with active noise, common in biological systems, remains largely unexplored.
• Active noise introduces unique energy dynamics beyond conventional entropy production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To derive and analyze an explicit expression of TUR for systems with active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs).
• To investigate how active noise modifies the thermodynamic cost within TURs.
• To assess the utility of modified TURs in estimating anomalous diffusion in active noise systems.

Main Methods:

• Derived an explicit TUR expression for AOUPs, incorporating active noise effects.
• Modified the thermodynamic cost to include energy consumption from active noise.
• Introduced a contracted probability density function to derive a steady-state TUR.
• Utilized a new scaling parameter to optimize the TUR bound.

Main Results:

• Active noise alters the thermodynamic cost in TURs, adding energy consumption to entropy production.
• The derived steady-state TUR provides a tailored framework for AOUP systems.
• Active noise was found to hinder the accurate estimation of anomalous diffusion extent.
• Optimization of the TUR bound using a new scaling parameter was achieved.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a modified TUR applicable to systems with active noise.
• Active noise complicates the interpretation of thermodynamic costs and fluctuation-based estimations.
• This work offers a systematic approach to understanding fluctuation dynamics in biological systems operating in active environments.