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Viral infection and thyroid disorders: a narrative review
1Department of Hygiene, Public Health College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 30, 2025
Summary
Viral infections significantly impact thyroid health, potentially causing autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers. Understanding these viral mechanisms is crucial for public health and cancer research.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Thyroid disorders are a growing public health concern.
- Viral infections can disrupt immune function and affect endocrine glands like the thyroid.
- Viruses are implicated in both autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of viral infections on thyroid function.
- To analyze mechanisms of viral infection-induced thyroid disorders and cancers.
- To explore the role of viruses in thyroid cancer progression and anaplastic transformation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on viral infections and thyroid disorders.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms linking viral infections to autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancers.
- Examination of viral roles in thyroid cancer pathogenesis and multistage carcinogenesis.
Main Results:
- Viruses like EBV, HSV, HCV, and B19V are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases by molecular mimicry.
- These viruses also play a role in thyroid cancer development by altering the immune microenvironment.
- Viral infections may contribute to the anaplastic transformation of thyroid cancer.
Conclusions:
- Viral infections are significant contributors to thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and thyroid cancers.
- Understanding viral mechanisms provides insights into thyroid cancer multistage carcinogenesis.
- Further research into viral etiologies can inform prevention and treatment strategies for thyroid disorders.
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