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Basic polyaminoacids and protamine stimulate enzyme release from frog muscles.

|February 1, 1985

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Polycations like polylysine significantly increase muscle enzyme release (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase). This effect, potentially involving exocytosis, is concentration-dependent and reversible with heparin.

Area of Science:

Muscle Physiology
Cellular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Sarcoplasmic enzyme release from muscle cells is a key indicator of cellular integrity.
Polycations are known to interact with cell membranes, but their specific effects on enzyme release mechanisms require elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of polycations, specifically polylysines, polyornithine, and protamine, on the release of intracellular muscle enzymes.
To explore the mechanisms underlying polycation-induced enzyme release, including dose-dependency, reversibility, and potential involvement of exocytosis.

Main Methods:

Isolated frog muscles were treated with varying concentrations and molecular weights of polycations.
Release of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured over time.

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Experiments included varying incubation times, polycation removal, pretreatment with polyanions (heparin, polyglutamic acids), and altered environmental conditions (Ca-free, low temperature).

Main Results:

Polycations significantly increased CK and LDH release, with effectiveness correlating to the degree of polymerization.
Peak enzyme release was observed within 30 minutes of exposure to polylysine, with sustained release rates even after polycation removal.
Polycation effects were inhibited by polyanions and partially reversed by heparin, and attenuated by Ca-free solutions and low temperatures.

Conclusions:

While prolonged polycation exposure may cause fiber damage leading to enzyme release, brief exposures suggest alternative mechanisms like exocytosis are involved.
The study highlights the complex interaction between polycations and muscle cell membranes, influencing enzyme release through dose-dependent and potentially regulated pathways.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for applications involving polycationic compounds and muscle cell interactions.