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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Using Touch-evoked Response and Locomotion Assays to Assess Muscle Performance and Function in Zebrafish
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In Situ Thrust Measurement of Fish During Locomotion; Test Case: Sharks.

Braedon Payne1, Bryan A Keller2, Daniel Weihs3

  • 1Deprtament of Physics and Engineering Science Coastal Carolina University Conway South Carolina USA.

Ecology and Evolution
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to measure aquatic animal thrust using video analysis. Shark caudal fin shape strongly predicts thrust, with benthic species showing lower scaled thrust than pelagic species.

Keywords:
fish locomotionin situsharksthrust

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Area of Science:

  • * Marine Biology
  • * Biomechanics
  • * Hydrodynamics

Background:

  • * Measuring thrust in large aquatic animals like sharks is difficult.
  • * Understanding thrust is crucial for analyzing locomotion and ecological adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To present a novel method for measuring aquatic animal thrust using in-situ video data.
  • * To analyze the relationship between morphology, swimming behavior, and hydrodynamic forces in elasmobranchs.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized motion tracking software on video footage of sharks to record position and speed.
  • * Calculated water displacement from tail/body motion during locomotion.
  • * Applied Newton's 3rd law to determine instantaneous force and averaged it for thrust.
  • * Developed a non-dimensional parameter, scaled thrust, for size-independent comparisons.
  • * Employed principal component analysis (PCA) to correlate morphology and hydrodynamics.

Main Results:

  • * The ratio of the upper to lower caudal fin lobe (CLAR) was a strong predictor (>80% variation) of scaled thrust.
  • * Coastal pelagic species exhibited lower scaled thrust compared to benthic species.
  • * Findings suggest potential differences in energy expenditure and efficiency between ecological niches.

Conclusions:

  • * The novel video-based method effectively measures thrust in challenging aquatic species.
  • * Caudal fin morphology, specifically CLAR, is a key factor influencing thrust generation.
  • * Ecological niche and associated behaviors drive morphological adaptations for optimized swimming performance.