Cancer registries in Pakistan: a scoping review

Cancer incidence is increasing globally. Although Pakistan does not have a unified national cancer registry, several institutional and regional cancer registries can provide vital information for cancer planning. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases and grey literature. Data were extracted regarding registry characteristics, data collection methods, and study details, and findings were summarised narratively to highlight key attributes and data gaps. Of 3714 unique abstracts screened, 102 studies met inclusion criteria, including 92 reporting registry data and 10 describing registry characteristics without patient-level data. Seventeen cancer registries were identified, with varying scope and geographical coverage. Only 19 of Pakistan's 129 cities contribute data to at least one registry. Data collection methods ranged from paper-based forms to advanced software systems. The Karachi Cancer Registry was noted for its high research output. Funding sources were limited, and several registries faced operational challenges. This Review highlights Pakistan's fragmented cancer registry landscape. While important policy-level data can be obtained from existing registries, there is an urgent need for strategic efforts and stakeholder collaboration to establish a national cancer registry system. Such a system could enhance cancer surveillance, inform public health efforts, and serve as a model for similar initiatives in south and southeast Asia.