Evaluation of Metabolomics in Chemical Pathology Research in Pakistan: A Less Explored Path and New Frontier

Metabolomics involves the study of unique chemical fingerprints left behind by specific cellular processes. Metabolomics encompasses the analysis of both "endogenous" compounds, such as amino acids, lipids, cofactors, nucleotides, carbohydrates, hormones, etc., and "exogenous" metabolites including drugs, toxins, environmental contaminants, pesticides, herbicides, etc. Initially, metabolic analyses heavily relied on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) and Tandem MS have expanded the horizons of research, service, and education in this field. In this overview, we delve into the domain of mass spectrometry from the perspective of Chemical Pathologists. To establish a baseline, we conducted a search using the PakMediNet search engine. Our literature review yielded a total of 1167 articles, of which 1155 were excluded, and 12 were included. Our findings indicated that while MS is utilized for method development and biomarker evaluation in the fields of basic biological sciences and the pharmaceutical industry, there are limited collaborative efforts with Chemical Pathologists for clinical applications. It is imperative to harness the advancements in MS for research and development, as this technology is a driving force behind progress in service and education. Looking ahead, areas such as newborn screening, diagnostics for inherited metabolic disorders, heavy metals analysis, and toxicology hold great potential for research in collaboration with Chemical Pathologists. To achieve these goals, the formation of working groups, establishing partnerships with institutes possessing relevant expertise, and providing funding opportunities are essential steps forward.