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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Related Experiment Video

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Visualizing cortical laminar architecture in the living human brain using next-generation ultra-high-gradient

Susie Huang1, Hansol Lee, Yixin Ma

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging / Massachusetts General Hospital.

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|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study noninvasively maps human brain cortical layers using advanced MRI. Soma and neurite density imaging reveals distinct laminar profiles and regional differences, offering a new window into brain structure.

Keywords:
Connectome 2.0Cortical microstructureCytoarchitectureDiffusion MRIHigh-performance gradientLaminar organizationMyeloarchitectureSANDI Model

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Anatomy
  • Diffusion MRI

Background:

  • Cortical laminar microstructure is key to understanding brain function.
  • Noninvasive in vivo characterization of cortical layers remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize in vivo cortical laminar cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture using diffusion MRI.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of mapping cortical architecture noninvasively.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-performance Connectome MRI scanner (500mT/m gradient strength).
  • Employed soma and neurite density imaging (SANDI) metrics with super-resolution.
  • Performed cortical depth-dependent analyses of diffusion MRI data.

Main Results:

  • Distinct laminar profiles for soma and neurite density were observed.
  • Visual cortex showed higher intra-soma signal fraction than motor cortex.
  • Cortical curvature showed layer-specific correlations with intra-soma signal fraction.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive mapping of cortical laminar architecture is feasible with advanced MRI.
  • SANDI metrics provide insights into in vivo cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture.
  • This technique can serve as a surrogate for histology in future brain studies.