Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Mandible: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MCs) are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of the head and neck region. They originate either primarily from preexisting cartilage or secondarily from Paget's disease and fibrous dysplasia. In the head and neck region, the larynx, maxilla, and nasal cavity are the most common sites. Mandibular chondrosarcoma is quite rare. On CT scan, it appears as a lobulated mass containing a chondroid matrix. Adequate tissue sampling is essential for accurate histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis with its mimickers. The prognosis of MC is considered poor due to its high tendency for recurrence, either locally or through hematogenous metastasis. The lungs are the most common site for metastasis. Therefore, extensive resection is associated with fewer recurrences and a better survival rate than limited resection.