Trends in Prescription Medication Use for Depression Symptoms: An Analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)...

Depression is a major public health concern, and antidepressant medication is commonly prescribed for its management. Understanding trends in antidepressant use across socio-demographic groups is crucial for targeted interventions.

To analyze trends in antidepressant medication use between 2019 and 2023 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), focusing on demographic factors such as gender, age, race, and social vulnerability.

Data from the NHIS (2019-2023) were analyzed to assess trends in antidepressant use by sociodemographic variables. Descriptive statistics and trends were evaluated using prevalence estimates with confidence intervals.

Overall, antidepressant use increased from 9.8% (95% CI: 9.4-10.3) in 2019 to 11.4% (95% CI: 11.0-11.9) in 2023 (p-trend <0.001). The most notable increases were observed among females (13.3% in 2019 to 15.3% in 2023; p-trend <0.05), individuals aged 45-64 years (p-trend <0.05), and those with higher social vulnerability (p-trend =0.004). Racial disparities persisted, with White individuals showing the highest use of antidepressants (11.2% in 2019 to 13.2% in 2023; p-trend <0.05). Use was significantly higher among those with disabilities compared to those without (27.7% vs. 8.1% in 2019; 28.2% vs. 9.7% in 2023; p <0.001).

The study reveals a steady increase in antidepressant use from 2019 to 2023, particularly among females, older adults, and individuals with higher social vulnerability or disabilities. Racial disparities in antidepressant use persist, with White individuals showing the highest prevalence. These findings highlight the ongoing need for targeted mental health interventions, especially for vulnerable groups, and underscore the importance of addressing disparities in access to mental health care. Future research should focus on the factors driving these trends and their implications for public health.