Targeting Molecular Pathways in Breast Cancer Using Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

• Breast cancer is a leading global health concern with current treatments causing significant side effects.
• There is a growing need for safer and more effective breast cancer therapies.
• Medicinal plants offer a source of bioactive compounds with potential anti-cancer properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of natural compounds from medicinal plants as alternative breast cancer treatments.
• To explore the mechanisms of action of these compounds against key cancer pathways.
• To discuss challenges and future directions for the clinical application of plant-based therapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of computational, in vitro, and in vivo studies.
• Analysis of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics.
• Examination of targeted cancer pathways including EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and NF-κB.

Main Results:

• Plant-derived compounds demonstrate efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing cancer cell death.
• Bioactive compounds target critical cancer signaling pathways.
• Flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics show significant therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

• Natural compounds offer a promising avenue for developing less toxic breast cancer treatments.
• Overcoming challenges in absorption, stability, and formulation is key for clinical success.
• Integrating plant-based therapies with conventional treatments could improve patient outcomes.