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Related Concept Videos

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Dynamic Functional Connectivity Between Amygdala and Cognitive Control Network Predicts Delay Discounting in Older

Attakias T Mertens1, Callum Goldsmith1, Derek J Pavelka1

  • 1Institute for Human Neuroscience, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Human Brain Mapping
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent reward sensitivity increases. Dynamic functional connectivity between the left amygdala and cognitive control network predicted preference for immediate rewards in older adolescents when larger amounts were involved.

Keywords:
adolescenceamygdaladelay discountingdynamic functional connectivityresting‐state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Adolescence is characterized by heightened reward sensitivity.
  • Delay discounting, the devaluation of rewards based on delay, is a key aspect of decision-making.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying delay discounting in adolescents is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive role of dynamic functional connectivity between the cognitive control network and the amygdala in delay discounting behavior.
  • To examine these relationships across different age groups: younger adolescents, older adolescents, and young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sliding-window approach to compute dynamic functional connectivity between the left/right amygdala and the cognitive control network.
  • Analyzed data from 448 participants across three age groups.
  • Employed hierarchical models to assess predictive power for delay discounting under different reward amount conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic functional connectivity of the left amygdala with the cognitive control network significantly predicted delay discounting in older adolescents for larger reward amounts.
  • This stronger connectivity correlated with a preference for immediate rewards.
  • No significant predictions were found for the right amygdala, smaller reward amounts, younger adolescents, or adults.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic functional connectivity, specifically involving the left amygdala, plays a role in modulating delay discounting in older adolescents.
  • The findings highlight age- and condition-specific neural mechanisms influencing reward valuation during adolescence.
  • Future research could explore interventions targeting this connectivity to influence decision-making.