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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Real-Time Screening for Uranium Enrichment by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Field Applications.

John T Kelly1, Ashlee R Swindle1, Kyle M Samperton1

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|June 30, 2025
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A new paper spray ionization (PSI) method using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) rapidly screens uranium enrichment. This technique offers a detection limit of 50 pg for uranium isotopes, aiding nuclear forensics and safeguards.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Accurate uranium enrichment determination is crucial for nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation.
  • Existing methods for uranium isotope analysis can be time-consuming and require extensive sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a rapid isotope ratio screening technique for uranium enrichment using paper spray ionization (PSI) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
  • To establish a sensitive and efficient analytical workflow for uranium isotope analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ambient ionization mass spectrometer with a custom JEOL PSI attachment.
  • Employed minimal sample preparation for rapid analysis.
  • Measured isotope ratios of uranium samples, including depleted uranium (DU) and low enriched uranium (LEU).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a method detection limit of approximately 50 pg for individual uranium isotopes (e.g., 235U and 238U).
  • Successfully differentiated between depleted uranium (DU) and low enriched uranium (LEU) samples.
  • Demonstrated the capability for rapid in-field and in-lab screening.

Conclusions:

  • The PSI-HRMS technique provides a rapid and sensitive method for uranium isotope ratio screening.
  • This workflow shows significant promise for applications in nuclear forensics, international nuclear safeguards, and nonproliferation.
  • Further optimization is expected to enhance uranium isotopic sensitivity.