Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 17, 2025
07:40
Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
3.4K
Construct Validity and Reliability of the Continuing Bonds Scale in a Sample of Bereaved Costa Rican Men
Daniel Martínez-Esquivel1,2, Derby Muñoz-Rojas3, Pedro Ruymán Brito-Brito4
1PhD Program in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Development and Quality of Life, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
|June 30, 2025
Summary
This study validates the Continuing Bonds Scale for bereaved Costa Rican men, confirming its reliability in assessing ongoing relationships with the deceased. Mental health nurses can use this tool to support men adapting to loss.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Bereavement Studies
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Research on grief as continuing bonds in men is limited.
- The Continuing Bonds Scale (CBS) psychometric properties lack evaluation in male populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the construct validity and reliability of the Continuing Bonds Scale.
- To evaluate the CBS in bereaved Costa Rican men.
Main Methods:
- Methodological study with 170 participants completing an online questionnaire.
- Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha.
- The Continuing Bonds Scale measured continuing bonds and mourning mediators.
Main Results:
- Factor analysis supported a two-factor solution (internalised and externalised continuing bonds), explaining 53.03% of variance.
- Confirmatory factor analysis validated the two-factor structure.
- Cronbach's Alpha indicated strong internal consistency (α = 0.898).
Conclusions:
- The Continuing Bonds Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the bereaved person-deceased relationship in Costa Rican men.
- Mental health nurses can use the CBS to assess continuing bonds and tailor care plans for men experiencing loss.
- The scale supports updated nursing diagnoses on grieving, promoting sensitive, compassionate care for diverse populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Bonanno's Theory of Grieving
176
Grieving is a complex psychological and emotional process that varies significantly among individuals. George Bonanno's research on bereavement identified four distinct patterns of grieving, offering a nuanced understanding of how people cope with significant loss, such as the death of a spouse, over extended periods. These patterns — resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief — highlight the diversity in emotional responses and adaptive mechanisms.
Resilience
Resilience
176
01:29Reliability and Validity
13.2K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.2K
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.5K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.5K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
254
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
254
03:34Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
44.6K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
44.6K
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
11.9K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
11.9K