Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.2K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.2K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.2K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.2K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

4.4K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
4.4K
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

1.8K
The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
1.8K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.0K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between maternal cardiovascular health assessed by modified Life's Essential 8 and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·2026
Same author

Adaptive Fast-Slow Large Language Model Framework for Multidimensional Classification of Prenatal Ultrasound Reports: Comparative Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Open-Source Large Language Models Distilled DeepSeek-R1 Pose Challenges for On-Premises Clinical Deployment in Medical Diagnosis: A Comparative Study of Performance.

Journal of medical systems·2026
Same author

The IL-33/ST2 Signaling Axis Alleviates Splenic Injury in Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting T-Cell Ferroptosis.

Pancreas·2026
Same author

Maternal Haemoglobin and Haematocrit During Pregnancy and Stillbirth Risk: A Prospective, Population-Based Birth Cohort Study.

Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology·2026
Same author

CDH4/UBA1/RBMX axis promotes polycystic ovary syndrome progression through YAP1 activation.

Cellular & molecular biology letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.1K

Reference intervals for thyroid hormones in pregnant women.

Tao Sun1, Xiaoya Liu1, Chenghong Yin2,3

  • 1Beijing Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Endokrynologia Polska
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Establishing trimester-specific thyroid function ranges for pregnant women is crucial. These new ranges differ from standard guidelines, aiding in accurate diagnosis and preventing misdiagnosis of thyroid disorders during pregnancy.

Keywords:
pregnancyreference rangethyroid diseasethyroid function

More Related Videos

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

991

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

2.1K
Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.9K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

991

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Determining trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid function is essential for accurate clinical assessment in pregnant populations.
  • Existing standard thyroid function ranges may not accurately reflect physiological changes during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in pregnant women in Beijing.
  • To compare these pregnancy-specific ranges with established guidelines and assess their impact on thyroid disorder diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 361 healthy pregnant women and 122 non-pregnant women had thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4).
  • Reference ranges were determined using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the data for each trimester.
  • Thyroid function was evaluated using the established pregnancy-specific reference ranges.

Main Results:

  • Trimester-specific reference ranges for TSH and FT4 were established: TSH (1st: 0.02-3.39, 2nd: 0.03-3.43, 3rd: 0.27-3.88 mIU/L); FT4 (1st: 12.24-20.77, 2nd: 10.78-20.75, 3rd: 9.54-16.02 pmol/L).
  • A weak negative correlation was observed between serum TSH and FT4 levels throughout pregnancy.
  • Prevalence rates for subclinical hypothyroidism (3.5%), hypothyroidism (0%), subclinical hyperthyroidism (2.5%), and hyperthyroidism (0.3%) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-specific thyroid function reference ranges differ significantly from those recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA).
  • Implementing these tailored ranges is critical for accurate diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases in pregnant women.
  • Clinical adoption of these ranges can help avoid over-diagnosis and missed diagnoses of thyroid disorders during pregnancy.