Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty: Procedure, Outcomes and Future Directions

Laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (HD), offering advantages such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, and improved patient satisfaction compared with traditional surgical methods. This study critically evaluated the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of LHP across different grades of hemorrhoids. Although LHP demonstrates clear benefits in the management of early-grade hemorrhoids, particularly grades II and III, its limitations are more apparent in advanced cases. The procedure employs laser wavelengths of 980 nm and 1470 nm, each with distinct tissue penetration characteristics that influence clinical outcomes. However, higher recurrence rates, especially for Grade IV HD, remain a clinical limitation. The efficacy of LHP is influenced by factors such as the laser wavelength selection, energy parameters, and procedural techniques. Although LHP offers advantages in terms of postoperative pain reduction and recovery, excisional methods remain superior for managing advanced HD, particularly in terms of long-term symptom resolution. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, exploring hybrid techniques, and the executing of large-scale, long-term studies to optimize the role of LHP in comprehensive hemorrhoid management strategies.