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Expanded Child Tax Credit, Family Health, and Material Hardships.

Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba1,2, Sharon M Coleman1, Allison Bovell-Ammon3

  • 1Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

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Expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC) receipt was associated with reduced food insecurity, housing instability, and improved caregiver mental health. Families receiving the CTC reported fewer material hardships and better overall well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of financial support programs like the Child Tax Credit (CTC) is crucial for informing national policies aimed at enhancing family economic stability.
  • Previous research highlights the link between financial resources and family well-being, but longitudinal data on the expanded CTC's effects are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe characteristics of families receiving the expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC).
  • To examine the longitudinal effects of CTC receipt on caregiver and child health and material hardships, including food security and housing stability.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study involving 5813 caregivers and their young children across four US cities.
  • Data collected through surveys at baseline and two follow-up waves (2020-2022), assessing CTC receipt, tax filing, banking status, child health, caregiver mental health, food security, and housing stability.
  • Adjusted multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equations analyzed the associations between CTC receipt and outcomes over time.

Main Results:

  • CTC recipients were more likely to be married, have filed taxes, and be "banked" (have a bank account) compared to non-recipients.
  • CTC receipt was significantly associated with lower odds of food insecurity (aOR, 0.61), housing instability (aOR, 0.64), and being behind on rent (aOR, 0.62).
  • Caregivers receiving the CTC also had lower adjusted odds of anxiety (aOR, 0.67).

Conclusions:

  • Families receiving the expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC) demonstrated improved food security, housing stability, and caregiver mental health.
  • These findings reinforce the association between increased financial resources and better family health outcomes and the ability to meet basic needs.
  • The study underscores the importance of the CTC in supporting family economic stability and well-being.