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Causal relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and atherosclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian

Xin-Yue Hu1, Guang-Lei Chen2, Xiao-Fang Yang1

  • 1School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase the risk of atherosclerosis (AS), according to Mendelian Randomization analysis. However, no causal link was found between ADHD and coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease.
  • The relationship between ADHD and AS requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between ADHD and AS using a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.
  • To assess the association between ADHD and specific forms of atherosclerosis, including coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with ADHD as instrumental variables.
  • Employed various MR analysis methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median.
  • Examined primary outcomes: AS, coronary atherosclerosis, and cerebral atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant positive causal relationship was found between ADHD and AS (OR=1.167, P=.046).
  • No significant causal links were identified between ADHD and coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis.
  • Evidence did not support an augmented risk of AS, coronary, or cerebral atherosclerosis in individuals with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD may increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise nature of the association between ADHD and AS.
  • Current findings suggest ADHD is not causally linked to coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis.