Management of Anisometropic Amblyopia Associated with Unilateral High Myopia in Children with Modified Posterior...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of modified posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) surgery integrated with comprehensive amblyopia rehabilitation in children with high myopia-related anisometropic amblyopia.

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted, including 24 eyes treated with the modified PSR intervention and 20 nonsurgical controls. Baseline and 3-year postoperative assessments included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL).

At the 3-year follow-up, the PSR cohort exhibited significant BCVA enhancement (p < 0.001) alongside suppressed myopic progression, as evidenced by reduced SE deterioration (p < 0.001) and AL elongation (p < 0.001), compared to controls. Amblyopia treatment success rates were markedly higher in the surgical group (p < 0.001). Stratified analyses revealed greater BCVA gains in the PSR group across all amblyopia severities, with pronounced improvements in severe amblyopia cases. Age-specific outcomes demonstrated attenuated AL growth in both preschoolers (<6 years, p < 0.01) and school-aged children (≥6 years, p < 0.05). Notably, younger preschoolers in the PSR group achieved superior BCVA gains (p < 0.05), whereas older controls showed limited responsiveness.

The combination of modified PSR surgery and multidisciplinary amblyopia rehabilitation represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating refractive error progression and enhancing visual outcomes in children with high myopia-associated anisometropic amblyopia.