International partnership for governing generative artificial intelligence models in medicine
- Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong 1,2, Yilin Ning 2,3, Gary S Collins 4, Danielle S Bitterman 5,6, Ashley N Beecy 7,8, Robert T Chang 9,10, Alastair K Denniston 11,12, Oscar Freyer 13, Stephen Gilbert 13, Anne de Hond 14, Artuur M Leeuwenberg 14, Liang Zhao 15, John C W Lim 16,17, Mingxuan Liu 2,3, Xiaoxuan Liu 11, Christopher A Longhurst 18,19, Yian Ma 2,3, Yue Qiu 20, Rupa Sarkar 21, Bin Sheng 22,23, Kuldev Singh 9,10, Iris Siu Kwan Tan 24, Yih Chung Tham 25,26,27,28, Arun J Thirunavukarasu 29, Daniel Shu Wei Ting 10,24,25, Silke Vogel 16,30, Rui Zhang 31,32, Jianfei Zhao 33,34, Wendy W Chapman 35, Nigam H Shah 9,36,37, Karel G M Moons 14, Tien Yin Wong 38,39,40, Nan Liu 41,42,43,44,45
- Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong 1,2, Yilin Ning 2,3, Gary S Collins 4
- 1Division of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- 2Duke-NUS AI + Medical Sciences Initiative, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 3Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 4UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 5Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- 6Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- 7Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- 8Information Technology Data Science, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
- 9Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- 10Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- 11College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- 12University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- 13Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
- 14Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 15Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- 16Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 17SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 18Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- 19Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- 20Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- 21The Lancet Group, London, UK.
- 22Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- 23MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- 24Artificial Intelligence Office, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore.
- 25Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- 26Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- 27Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- 28Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 29Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 30Graduate Studies Department, Office of Education, Duke-NUS medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- 31Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- 32Center for Learning Health System Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- 33NEJM AI, Boston, MA, USA.
- 34Jiahui Medical Research and Education, Shanghai, China.
- 35Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- 36Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- 37Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- 38Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
- 39Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
- 40Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
- 41Duke-NUS AI + Medical Sciences Initiative, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
- 42Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
- 43Pre-hospital & Emergency Research Centre, Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
- 44NUS Artificial Intelligence Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
- 45Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. liu.nan@duke-nus.edu.sg.
- 0Division of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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