Weight Loss-Associated Remodeling of Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism

Obesity is a multifactorial condition characterized by excessive adiposity and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent literature reflects a growing appreciation for the complex interplay between metabolism and the immune system in the pathogenesis of obesity-related health conditions. However, this field of investigation, also known as immunometabolism, requires more in-depth study to fully understand the impact of weight loss treatments on the metabolism and function of immune cells. Despite indications that weight loss can alleviate certain metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity, the extent to which immunometabolic parameters return to baseline posttherapy remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this review intends to re-examine critical aspects of obesity pathophysiology and highlight recent advancements in literature regarding the effects of weight loss interventions on the metabolism and function of immune cells. Addressing this field is crucial for optimizing obesity management strategies and gaining insights into long-term metabolic health outcomes.