The Framework for Genetic Engineering in Desulfovibrionaceae

Desulfovibrionaceae are sulfate-reducing bacteria that are ubiquitous in anoxic environments and are also found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Their numbers are low in a healthy gut, but various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases are associated with a massive proliferation of Desulfovibrio spp., leading to an increase in toxic hydrogen sulfide, the product of dissimilatory sulfate respiration. The physiological and signaling capabilities of intestinal Desulfovibrio spp. are virtually unknown. To explore them, an efficient platform for targeted genetic engineering of Desulfovibrio spp. is required. In this review, we provide an overview of the available genetic parts and techniques for establishing efficient and precise genetic manipulation systems in Desulfovibrionaceae and discuss the challenges.