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Development of a Child-Informed Measure of Subjective Well-Being for Research on Residential Care Institutions and

Sarah Elizabeth Neville1, Joanna Wakia2, John Hembling3

  • 1Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA USA.

Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal : C & A
|July 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A new survey measure was developed with children in residential care to assess their subjective well-being. This tool focuses on care, safety, basic needs, and leisure, offering a child-centered approach to well-being assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Social Sciences
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Globally, 10% of children lack a biological parent in the household, and 5.4 million reside in institutional care.
  • Children in residential care often have unique well-being priorities that require tailored assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multidimensional measure of child subjective well-being through a participatory, child-informed process.
  • To create a psychometrically validated survey for children with experience in residential care.

Main Methods:

  • Focus groups with adolescents and young adults with residential care experience in Kenya and Guatemala.
  • Development of a 43-item survey based on the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Wellbeing Tool.
  • Validation through member checking, translation, cognitive interviewing, and exploratory factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • The resulting measure has three factors: care and safety, basic needs, and leisure and freedom.
  • The survey demonstrated good convergent validity and internal consistency.
  • Administered to 180 young people in Kenya and Guatemala.

Conclusions:

  • A new, psychometrically validated survey measure for assessing the well-being of children connected to residential care has been developed.
  • The study provides a replicable model for participatory measure development in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Findings can inform policymaking regarding children's care and well-being.

Keywords:
Alternative careChild ProtectionChild participationChild welfareNon-parental care

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