The Advance and Clinical Practice on Lung Disease Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) lung disease has gradually become a common clinical condition, with its incidence rate continuously rising, especially among patients with weakened immune function or those with chronic lung diseases. Given the high resistance of M. abscessus to antibiotics, the options for antibiotics are very limited. Additionally, long treatment times and poor patient compliance lead to low cure rates and high recurrence rates, making it one of the significant public health challenges threatening global health. This article presents two cases of patients diagnosed with M. abscessus lung disease using next-generation metagenomic sequencing technology. It reviews and analyzes the current research on M. abscessus along with details from these cases. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the necessity of timely, regular, and comprehensive treatment for M. abscessus lung disease. Meanwhile, we call for the formulation of robust prevention strategies, the optimization and innovation of treatment regimens, and the enhancement of follow-up management after cure to improve the understanding and handling capabilities of M. abscessus lung disease, thereby addressing the increasing clinical challenges.