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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Systolic BP Amplification: Systematic Review and Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.

Dean S Picone1,2, Tan V Bui1, Martin G Schultz1

  • 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia (D.S.P., T.V.B., M.G.S., P.O., J.A.B., H.A., N.B.D., P.R.-T., S.P., S.W.E., J.E.S.).

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|July 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systolic blood pressure amplification varies widely between the aorta and brachial artery, impacting hypertension classification accuracy. Understanding this variability is key to improving blood pressure measurement techniques.

Keywords:
angiographyblood pressure determinationhemodynamicshypertensionprehypertensionpulse wave analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Systolic blood pressure (SBP) amplification, the difference between aortic and brachial artery pressure, influences cuff blood pressure (BP) measurement accuracy.
  • Limited data exists on invasively measured aortic-to-brachial SBP amplification levels.
  • This phenomenon is linked to inaccuracies in standard BP monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the invasively measured level of aortic-to-brachial SBP amplification.
  • To explore the impact of SBP amplification on hypertension classification.
  • To identify potential improvements for cuff BP measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of invasive brachial and aortic BP.
  • Inclusion of 1151 participants (62±12 years, 72% male).
  • Calculation of SBP amplification (brachial SBP minus aortic SBP) and comparison of hypertension classification between aortic and brachial BP measures.

Main Results:

  • Wide range of SBP amplification observed (mean±SD: 8±9 mm Hg in males, 7±10 mm Hg in females), decreasing with age.
  • High SBP amplification (>15 mm Hg) in 17.4%, low SBP amplification (<5 mm Hg) in 37.3% of participants.
  • Moderate agreement (κ=0.67) in hypertension classification between brachial and aortic BP (87.4% overall agreement).

Conclusions:

  • Significant variability in aortic-to-brachial SBP amplification exists in both males and females.
  • Substantial differences in hypertension classification arise when using brachial versus aortic BP.
  • This research provides insights for developing more accurate cuff BP measurement technologies.