Leptin, fibronectin, MMP-1, and MMP-2 concentration in saliva during orthodontic treatment
Izabela Cwalina-Sidor1, Justyna Hermanowicz2, Ewelina Dargiewicz2
1Ortho-Dent Private Practice, Białystok, Poland.
Background:
The composition of saliva serves as an indicator of the state of the oral cavity.
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to examine the salivary levels of leptin, fibronectin (FN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-2 during orthodontic treatment.
Material And Methods:
A total of 50 patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment and 50 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The orthodontic patients underwent the placement of standard brackets (MINI MASTER® fixed braces; American Orthodontics) and self-ligating brackets (H4, 0.022" × 0.028"; Orthoclassic). Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected before orthodontic treatment, 24 min after the procedure, and 1 month after the procedure. The levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, FN, and leptin in the saliva of patients were measured before and after orthodontic treatment..
Results:
The levels of salivary leptin were significantly elevated before orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001), and a subsequent rise was also observed during orthodontic tooth movement. Salivary FN levels were significantly increased before orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001), followed by a decrease during orthodontic tooth movement, remaining outside the normal range. The concentration of MMP-1 in saliva was significantly higher before orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001) and decreased during orthodontic tooth movement, though this change was not statistically significant. Similarly, the concentration of MMP-2 in saliva was significantly higher before orthodontic treatment, but its levels were even higher during orthodontic tooth movement. However, this increase was not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
The levels of leptin in saliva were elevated during orthodontic treatment. Leptin stimulates wound healing and angiogenesis in the oral cavity. In addition, it serves as a mediator in the orthodontic movement of teeth.
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