Medial and Lateral Burns With Concomitant Infection After Genicular Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report

Knee osteoarthritis management might include medication, intraarticular injections, physical therapy, and surgical intervention. Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective therapy for patients who do not receive benefit from conservative medical management and are not surgical candidates (secondary to medical comorbidity, patient preference, and other factors). Genicular nerve RFA is generally safe and has a low complication rate. However, there have been case reports of minor and major complications after RFA. We report a case of burns after genicular nerve RFA.

A 49-year-old man (92 kg; body mass index [kg/m2] 28.3), with a history of coronary artery disease and chronic tobacco use, presented with 20 years of chronic knee pain. He previously had short-term relief with an intraarticular steroid knee injection. He was found to be a suitable candidate for genicular nerve RFA and underwent the procedure successfully without any immediate complications. His pain decreased from 9/10 before the procedure to 5/10 after his RFA. On postprocedure day 33, a 1 cm circular lesion with drainage was noted on the medial aspect of his knee. A lateral lesion was discovered at a subsequent follow-up appointment. He was treated with antibiotics, chlorhexidine cleansing, and dressing changes which resolved the lesions without any long-term sequelae.

Our case represents an instance of full thickness skin burns with concomitant infection post genicular RFA, uniquely in both the medial and lateral sites. Our patient's risk factors of low body mass index, smoking, and vascular disease may have led to a delayed healing response. In addition, needle depth may also have contributed to his injury. Ensuring adequate needle depth and patient selection can minimize these complications.