Genotypic Analysis and Clinical Findings of Sapovirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Mie Prefecture, Japan,...

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Public Health Surveillance

Background:

• Sapovirus (SaV) is a significant cause of acute gastroenteritis globally.
• Understanding SaV epidemiology and clinical presentation is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Sapovirus in pediatric gastroenteritis cases.
• To analyze clinical manifestations and identify age-related trends associated with SaV infection.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 236 Sapovirus-positive fecal specimens from pediatric patients (2010-2022).
• Whole or near-whole genome sequencing for 158 SaV strains.
• Phylogenetic analysis to determine genotype distribution and genetic evolution.
• Clinical data review for symptoms and age demographics.

Main Results:

• Genotype GI.1 was the most prevalent, followed by GII.3 and GII.1 among nine detected genotypes.
• Phylogenetic analysis indicated continuous genetic changes within prevalent SaV genotypes over time.
• Diarrhea (68.4%) and vomiting (61.6%) were the primary symptoms, with increased emesis in children over 3 years old.
• Coinfections and reinfections with different SaV genotypes were observed.

Conclusions:

• This study provides comprehensive insights into Sapovirus genotype prevalence and genetic evolution in pediatric gastroenteritis.
• Clinical findings highlight key symptoms and age-specific trends, informing diagnosis and management.
• Continuous surveillance and genetic monitoring are essential for understanding and controlling Sapovirus outbreaks.