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Cerebrovascular and Peripheral Vascular Complications in Cancer Patients
Julien Rousseau1,2,3, Patrick Y Wen4,5
1Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. julien_rousseau@dfci.harvard.edu.
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|July 1, 2025
Summary
Cancer patients face higher risks of stroke and blood clots due to cancer itself and treatments like immunotherapy. Early detection and multidisciplinary care are vital for managing these vascular complications.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neurology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Cancer significantly increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases.
- Vascular complications contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, mechanisms, and outcomes of stroke and thrombosis in cancer patients.
- To synthesize evidence on cerebrovascular risks associated with cancer therapies.
- To highlight the importance of managing vascular disease in oncology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current evidence on cancer and cerebrovascular disease.
- Synthesis of data on ischemic stroke, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
- Analysis of the impact of cancer treatments on vascular risks.
Main Results:
- Cancer patients exhibit increased risk for ischemic stroke via mechanisms like hypercoagulability and tumor embolism.
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in brain tumor patients, with direct oral anticoagulants showing promise.
- Cancer therapies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors, hormonal therapy, radiation) elevate cerebrovascular risk.
Conclusions:
- Vascular complications in cancer are underrecognized but critical determinants of patient outcomes.
- Multidisciplinary approaches and personalized risk assessment are essential for improving care.
- Targeted research is needed to address the complex interplay between cancer and vascular disease.
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