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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Photonics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Long-haul hollow-core fiber transmissions are crucial for future optical networks.
    • Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) in double nested antiresonant nodeless fibers (DNANFs) poses a significant challenge for high-speed data transmission.
    • High PMD necessitates complex digital signal processing (DSP) for equalization, increasing system cost and complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the potential of 100-km DNANFs for long-haul hollow-core transmissions.
    • To introduce and validate a novel coded modulation scheme to mitigate PMD and frequency-selective fading.
    • To reduce digital signal processing (DSP) complexity associated with PMD compensation.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of 100-km double nested antiresonant nodeless fibers (DNANFs).
    • Implementation of a coded modulation technique leveraging frequency-resolved equalization across multiple subcarriers.
    • Application of space-time coding (STC) on digital subcarrier modulations (DSCM) for equalization and performance balancing.

    Main Results:

    • Measured PMD coefficient of 0.7 ps/km for the 100-km DNANF span.
    • Demonstrated 40-Gbaud optical transmissions using the proposed STC-DSCM.
    • Achieved a 1200-km optical DNANF transmission with a Q-factor gain exceeding 0.62 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • DNANFs are feasible for long-haul optical communications.
    • The proposed STC-DSCM effectively manages PMD and frequency-selective fading.
    • This approach offers an efficient pathway to enhance the performance of long-distance hollow-core fiber systems.