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Associations of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome with Premature Mortality and Life Expectancies in US Adults:

Lubi Lei1, Jingkuo Li2, Wenbo Ding1

  • 1National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Cardiorenal Medicine
|July 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Higher Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages significantly increase mortality risk and reduce life expectancy. This highlights the need for improved CKM health management and interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Nephrology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • The American Heart Association updated the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Health Advisory with a new risk framework.
  • The prevalence and impact of CKM stages require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence and adverse effects of CKM stages using NHANES data.
  • To assess the association between CKM stages and mortality risk/life expectancy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 18,350 US adults (aged 20-79) from NHANES (1999-2018).
  • Categorization of participants into 4 CKM stages based on clinical severity, encompassing cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic factors.
  • Assessment of associations between CKM stages, mortality, and life expectancy.

Main Results:

  • Only 12.9% had CKM stage 0; prevalence of stages 1-4 was 23.1%, 53.6%, 3.6%, and 6.7%.
  • Stage 4 CKM was linked to a 4.30-fold increased all-cause mortality risk and a 15.5-year reduction in life expectancy at age 50 compared to stage 0.
  • Observed sex and racial/ethnic disparities in CKM stage associations.

Conclusions:

  • Increased CKM stage strongly correlates with higher mortality and reduced lifespan.
  • Urgent need for enhanced CKM health management, social support, and policy interventions.
  • Findings emphasize the public health importance of addressing CKM syndrome comprehensively.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk factorMetabolicMortalityMultimorbidity

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