Fecal microbiota transplantation: Current evidence and future directions

As we advance our understanding of the gut microbiota, the implications of dysbiosis are becoming increasingly apparent. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a well-established procedure, is recognized for effectively treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, prompting further investigation into its other possible clinical applications. Donor selection and screening are essential to ensure safety and efficacy. Product development and standardization, such as the US Food and Drug Administration-approved live biotherapeutic products Rebyota and Vowst, are helping efforts to evaluate FMT for other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. However, additional clinical trials are needed to support its use beyond recurrent C difficile infection.