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Force-velocity profile based training to improve vertical jump performance a systematic review and meta analysis
Paul Solberg1, Will G Hopkins1, Vidar Andersen2
1Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway.
Scientific Reports
|July 2, 2025
Summary
Optimized vertical force-velocity (FV) training partially corrects force deficits and fully corrects velocity deficits. However, it shows minimal gains in maximal power and jump height compared to non-optimized training.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Force-velocity (FV) profiles are crucial for athletic performance.
- Optimizing training to address FV deficits is a potential performance enhancement strategy.
- The comparative effectiveness of optimized versus non-optimized training remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of FV profile-optimized training.
- To compare optimized training against non-optimized training on FV profiles, jump height, and maximal power.
- To assess the quality of evidence and identify research gaps.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Searches conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus).
- Study quality assessed using the PEDro scale; four studies included in meta-analysis.
Main Results:
- Optimized FV training partially corrected force deficits and fully corrected velocity deficits.
- Maximal power changes were small to trivial and often unclear compared to non-optimized training.
- Jump height improvements were small to moderate but comparable between optimized and non-optimized groups.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence is insufficient to confirm if FV-profile-based training surpasses standard training approaches.
- Methodological limitations and potential placebo/nocebo effects necessitate further high-quality research.
- Blinded, randomized controlled trials are recommended to clarify the efficacy of optimized FV training.
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