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The association between frailty status and cognitive function in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide

Wanchunxue Jiang1,2, Meng Wei1,2, Qianhui Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China.

Scientific Reports
|July 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Frailty and cognitive function in cardiovascular disease patients show a dynamic interplay. Early frailty can impact cognition, while later-stage frailty significantly impairs cognitive function over time.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently co-occurs with frailty and cognitive impairment.
  • The complex relationship and temporal dynamics between frailty and cognitive function in CVD patients remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association and bidirectional interplay between frailty and cognitive function in Chinese adults with CVD.
  • To explore potential causal relationships using advanced statistical modeling.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study design was employed, focusing on middle-aged and older Chinese adults with cardiovascular conditions.
  • Cross-lagged panel model analysis was utilized to assess temporal interactions between frailty and cognitive function over multiple time points.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive function demonstrated significant autoregressive stability, predicting future cognitive performance.
  • Early-stage frailty positively predicted cognitive function, but this association shifted significantly to a negative effect in later stages.
  • A bidirectional association and temporal stability were observed for both frailty and cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • Frailty and cognitive function are dynamically and bidirectionally linked in individuals with cardiovascular disease.
  • The impact of frailty on cognitive function evolves over time, becoming detrimental in later stages.
  • Understanding these temporal interactions is crucial for managing comorbid conditions in CVD patients.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCognitive functionCross-lag modelFrailty

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