A meta-analytic review of quantification methods for camouflaging behaviors in autistic and neurotypical individuals

Camouflaging, a phenomenon observed in autistic individuals, refers to the conscious or unconscious strategies that individuals employ to mask, assimilate, or compensate for their autistic characteristics in social settings, in order to blend in or avoid stigmatization. These strategies may include suppression of behaviors considered atypical, imitation of neurotypical behaviors, and use of social scripts to navigate social interactions. While these behaviors have an adaptive goal, they have been linked with mental health issues. Our study examines the two assessment: Methods the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire and the discrepancy method. Also examining differences based on sex and diagnosis. We conducted 17 independent meta-analyses, revealing significant differences between autistic individuals, with females displaying consistently higher scores. Autistic individuals showed higher scores when compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Meta-regression analysis suggests age as a relevant moderating factor, impacting comparisons between neurotypical groups. We discuss the differences in the assessment of camouflaging behaviors and the current strengths and limitations of both methods.