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Large sparse aperture telescope wavefront sensing and control via pretrained neural network with attention module.

Yuchen Li^1,2, Chao Qin¹, Qichang An³

¹Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.

Scientific Reports

|July 2, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a new method using convolutional neural networks to accurately detect piston errors in sparse aperture optical systems. This technique improves co-phasing efficiency and range, simplifying wavefront sensing for large telescopes.

Keywords:

Attention mechanism Deep learning Piston sensing Sparse aperture systems

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Artificial Intelligence
Optical Engineering

Background:

Accurate piston error detection is crucial for co-phasing sparse aperture optical systems.
Current methods may face limitations in accuracy and range for complex optical setups.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a global piston error modulation method for sparse aperture mirrors using convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
To enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and sensing range of piston error detection.
To enable precise global fine phase correction in optical systems.

Main Methods:

Development of a CNN-based global piston error modulation method.
Integration of a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) with a data generalization mechanism.
Utilizing actual co-phasing sensor images for training and validation with reduced labeled data.

Main Results:

The proposed method achieves high prediction accuracy for piston error distribution.
Demonstrated enhancement in piston error detection efficiency and sensing range.
Facilitated global fine phase correction to less than λ/80 under closed-loop conditions.

Conclusions:

The CNN-based method effectively detects piston errors in sparse aperture systems.
The technique shows significant potential for simplifying wavefront sensing and modulation in large segmented telescopes.
This approach offers a robust solution for co-phasing challenges in advanced optical systems.