Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

15.0K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
15.0K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.9K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.9K
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

7.5K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
7.5K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.0K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.0K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

44.8K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
44.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three-stage melting of a macroscopic continuous spacetime crystal.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

General inverse-cube thickness scaling of projectile penetration energy in ultrathin films.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Modeling the slow Arrhenius process (SAP) in polymers.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Turning non-superconducting elements into superconductors by quantum confinement and proximity.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026
Same author

Topological signatures of collective dynamics and turbulent-like energy cascades in apolar active granular matter.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ionic glass formers show an inverted relation between fragility and non-exponential alpha-relaxation.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.4K

Hedgehog topological defects in 3D amorphous solids.

Arabinda Bera1, Alessio Zaccone2, Matteo Baggioli3,4

  • 1Department of Physics "A. Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy. arabinda.bera@unimi.it.

Nature Communications
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified hedgehog topological defects to characterize plasticity and soft spots in 3D glasses. These defects exhibit hyperbolic geometry, offering a new way to understand amorphous solids.

More Related Videos

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.3K
Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization
07:50

Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization

Published on: July 17, 2015

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

12.4K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.3K
Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization
07:50

Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Rapid III-V Heteroepitaxial Characterization

Published on: July 17, 2015

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Topological defects are challenging to define and identify in amorphous solids due to structural disorder.
  • Existing methods for identifying topological defects in glasses are limited to two dimensions and linked to plasticity.
  • Microscopic carriers of plasticity and 'soft spots' in amorphous materials remain difficult to pinpoint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate the use of hedgehog topological defects for characterizing plasticity in three-dimensional (3D) glasses.
  • To geometrically identify 'soft spots' (regions prone to structural rearrangement) in 3D amorphous solids.
  • To explore the interplay between topology and geometry in 3D glasses.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of a Kremer-Grest 3D polymer glass model.
  • Analysis of the normal mode eigenvector field.
  • Analysis of the displacement field around large plastic events.

Main Results:

  • Hedgehog topological defects can characterize plasticity in 3D glasses.
  • The sign of topological charge in 3D eigenvector fields is ambiguous, unlike in 2D.
  • Relevant topological defects for plasticity exhibit hyperbolic geometry, similar to 2D anti-vortices.
  • Identified an intricate interplay between topology and geometry in 3D disordered systems.

Conclusions:

  • Topological characterization of plasticity is feasible in 3D glasses.
  • Geometric properties of defects are crucial for understanding plasticity in 3D.
  • This work reveals a significant difference between 2D and 3D disordered systems regarding topology and plasticity.