A spherical fuzzy WASPAS approach to prioritize the factors enhancing the effectiveness of physical education...

Enhancing the effectiveness of physical education (PE) classroom teaching is critical to fostering students' physical, mental, and social development. When assessing the alternatives for enhancing PE teaching in connection with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), the necessary criteria include the engagement level of the learner, cost control, and distribution of the resources. However, MCDM methods used in the past suffer from some limitations, such as uncertainty, vagueness, and subjectivity of experts' opinions, which leads to inefficient decision-making information. These limitations complicate identifying which approaches will help improve teaching practices in the PE classroom. To tackle these challenges, this paper employs the spherical fuzzy weighted aggregated sum product assessment (SF-WASPAS) method, which integrates spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to handle uncertainty and hesitancy that could be present in experts' opinions to enhance the evaluation method. The study evaluates alternatives such as teacher training programs, allocation of resources, incorporation of new methodologies, and better classroom discipline based on various criteria, including student engagement, cost, ease of integration, spread ability, and the effects on students' learning. The results of the SF-WASPAS method show that the top-ranked alternative is better classroom discipline, which offers the highest potential for enhancing PE classroom teaching. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers, facilitating informed decision-making for optimizing resource utilization, improving teaching strategies, and enhancing student learning outcomes in PE classrooms.