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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.1K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.1K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
20.3K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.3K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.3K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

44.1K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
44.1K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.5K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.5K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

18.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
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Nearest neighbor permutation entropy detects phase transitions in complex high-pressure systems.

Arthur A B Pessa1, Leonardo G J M Voltarelli2, Lúcio Cardozo-Filho3,4,5

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brazil. aabpessa@uem.br.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method using near-infrared spectra to detect phase transitions in carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon mixtures. The approach accurately predicts transition pressures, aiding high-pressure system analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • High-pressure phase behavior of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon mixtures is critical for industrial applications.
  • Direct visual monitoring of these systems is often impossible, necessitating reliance on indirect methods like spectrophotometry.
  • Efficient computational methods are needed to interpret spectrophotometric data for phase behavior analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computationally efficient and robust method for identifying phase transitions in carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon mixtures using spectrophotometric data.
  • To leverage in situ near-infrared absorbance spectra for inferring phase behavior.
  • To enable accurate online predictions of phase transition pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Nearest neighbor permutation entropy was computed directly from in situ near-infrared absorbance spectra.
  • An anomaly detection approach was combined with entropy calculations to identify phase transitions.
  • Depressurization trials of carbon dioxide and distilled petroleum fraction mixtures were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Changes in nearest neighbor permutation entropy effectively signaled transitions from homogeneous mixtures to two-phase equilibria.
  • The method enabled accurate out-of-sample online predictions of transition pressures.
  • The approach requires minimal data preprocessing and no visual inspection of spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Nearest neighbor permutation entropy combined with anomaly detection provides a robust method for identifying phase transitions in high-pressure mixtures.
  • This technique offers a generalizable approach for studying phase behavior in other high-pressure systems monitored via spectrophotometry.
  • The method enhances the utility of spectrophotometric data for understanding complex fluid phase equilibria.