CFD technology in innovative spur dike design inspired by the Eğri (curved) Bridge

In addition to consuming, using, and benefiting from it, it has sometimes become necessary to establish defense mechanisms against water. In particular, precautions against floods, torrents, and sediment transport in the flow have been essential. Since they damage settlement areas, disrupt aquatic life, and affect productive lands, various water structures have been built to address these issues. Among these structures are spur dikes specifically constructed for this purpose. In this study, a new spur dike structure was designed by taking inspiration from the Eğri Bridge located within the borders of Sivas province. Various experiments were carried out by arranging the spur dikes made of quality waste material on both sides of the open channel in an asymmetrical arrangement. CFD technology was used to see the effect of this designed structure on the flow hydraulics and characteristics more clearly. For this purpose, Standard k-ε, RSM, and LES models were compared with different data groups. Two configuration models of the same geometry were used in this study. AS-1 and AS-2 represent arrangement models numbered 1 and 2, respectively. Model verification of numerical data was performed for all flow rates of the AS-1 and AS-2 configurations. Firstly, water surface profiles were compared using experimental flow depths. Then, energy dissipation values ​​were compared using flow rates and depth values. Additionally, separations in the streamlines occurring in the spur dike area and division eyes, along with secondary flows, turbulence, and vortex formations, were simulated. While the experimentally dissipated energy approached a maximum of 65%, it remained around 50% in the RSM and LES models. The RSM and LES models effectively captured the vortices and eddies between the spur dikes. While the vorticity magnitude reached a maximum of 200 1/s for Case AS-1, 300 1/s values were obtained for Case AS-2. This phenomenon had a direct impact on the amount of energy dissipation. The power to capture the vorticity magnitude values in total can be listed as Standard k-ε < RSM < LES. Additionally, better water surface profiles were obtained from both models when compared to the Standard k-ε turbulence model. For high flow rates (for Q = 9.33 and Q = 11.12 l/s), the VOF-RSM and VOF-LES models captured the cases where the mesh cell was over 75% full of water. However, we can say that the VOF-LES model is more economical because the solution time is shorter. The results blend the effects of past field applications with future technology on a new design.